The Affirmative Form
I. I shall be working. I. We shall be working.
Men ishlayotgan bo‘laman. Biz ishlayotgan bo‘lamiz.
II. You will be working. II. You will be working.
Sen ishlayotgan bo‘lasan. Siz(lar) ishlayotgan bo‘lasiz.
III. He (she) will be working. III. They will be working.
U ishlayotgan bo‘ladi. Ular ishlayotgan bo‘ladilar.
Bo‘lishsiz shaklini yasash uchun «shall» yoki «will» ko‘makchi fe’lidan keyin «not» inkor yuklamasi qo‘yiladi.The Negative Form
I. I shall not be working. I. We shall not be working.
II. You will not be working. II. You will not be working.
III. He (she) will not be working. III. They will not be working.
So‘roq shaklini yasash uchun «shall» yoki «will» ko‘makchi fe’li ega oldiga chiqarib qo‘yiladi.The Interrogative Form
Shall I be working? — Yes, you will. — No, you will not.
Will you be working? — Yes, I shall. — No, I shall not.
Will he/she be working? — Yes, he/she will. — No, he/she will not.
Shall we be working? — Yes, you wil. No, you will not.
Will you be working? — Yes, we shall. No, we shall not.
Will they be working? — Yes, they will. No, they will not.
«Future Continuous» zamoni qo‘llanishi zarurligini ko‘rsatuvchi turtki (signal) so‘zlar quyidagilar:1. at 6 o'clock tomorrow — ertaga soat 6 da
2. at this time tomorrow — ertaga xuddi shu paytda
3. from 6 till 8 tomorrow — ertaga 6 dan 8 gacha
4. the whole day tomorrow — ertaga butun kun bo‘yi
5.«when» so‘zi bilan kelgan ergash gap.
Misol: He will be preparing for his exam the whole day tomorrow.
I shall be reading a newspaper when he comes.
III. Direct and indirect speech. (Ko‘chirma va o‘zlashtirma gap)
So‘zlovchining hech o‘zgarishsiz, aynan keltirilgan gapi ko‘chirma gap deyiladi.
Misol: She said: «Are you a student?»
U so‘radi: «Siz talabamisiz?»
Bu yerda «she said» avtor so‘zi, «are you a student?» ko‘chirma gapdir.
O‘zgalar gapining mazmuni saqlangan holda shakli o‘zgartirilib berilishi o‘zlashtirma gap deyiladi.
Misol: She asked if she was a student.
U undan talaba yoki talaba emasligini so‘radi.
O‘zlashtirma gap to‘ldiruvchi ergash gap bo‘lganligi uchun uning kesimi bosh gapdagi (avtor so‘zidagi) fe’l kesim bilan zamonda moslashadi. Ingliz tilidagi o‘zlashtirma gaplar o‘zbek tilida sodda yoyiq gap tarzida beriladi.
O‘zganing gapi birikmali to‘ldiruvchi bo‘lib keladi:
Misol: He said that he had four lessons that day.
U o‘sha kuni to‘rtta darsi borligini aytdi.
a) ko‘chirma gap darak gap bo‘lsa, u bosh gapga «that» orqali yoki bog‘lovchisiz bog‘lanadi.
Misol: He says: «I have many English books».
He says that he has many English books.
b) ko‘chirma gap umumiy so‘roq gap bo‘lsa, bosh gapga «if» yoki «whether» bog‘lovchisi orqali bog‘lanadi.
Misol: He says: «Have you English books?»
He asks if I have English books.
c) agar ko‘chirma gap maxsus so‘roq gap bo‘lsa, shu gapdagi so‘roq so‘z bog‘lovchi vazifasini bajaradi.
Misol: He says: «When will you go to the library?»
He asks when I shall go to the library.
d) agar ko‘chirma gap iltimos yoki buyruq shaklidagi gap bo‘lsa, u murakkab to‘ldiruvchi (complex object) shaklida, ya’ni fe’l-kesim infinitiv shaklida beriladi.
Misol: Mother said: «Help me in washing».
Mother told me to help her in washing.
Eslatma: Iltimos yoki buyruq gaplar o‘zlashtirilganda avtor so‘zidagi «to say» fe’li o‘rniga «to tell» yoki «to ask» fe’li qo‘llanadi.
Ingliz tilida «zamonlarning moslashuvi» uchun eslatma. O‘zga shaxsning nutqini o‘zlashtirma gapda berishda «to say», «to ask», «to tell» fe’llari qo‘llaniladi, bu fe’llardan keyin to‘ldiruvchi ergash gap keladi.
Agar yuqoridagi fe’llar o‘tgan zamonda bo‘lsalar, «Zamonlar moslashuvi» qoidalariga rioya qilinadi. Bu holda gapdagi ko‘rsatish olmoshlari, payt va o‘rin ravishlari ma’nolariga qarab, quyidagi so‘zlar bilan almashtiriladi.
1. this/these that/those
2. here there
3. now then
4. yesterday the day before
5. today that day
6. tomorrow the next day, the following day
7. ... ago ... before yoki earlier
8. last week the week before
9. last year the year before yoki the previous year
10. next week the next week yoki the following week
11. next year the next year yoki the following year
12. in two days two days later (ikki kundan keyin)