1. children [t$ildrn] — bolalar          
2. a writer [raitс’] — yozuvchi           
3. a teacher [с’ti:t$с’] — o‘qituvchi     
4. the forth form [fс”:| fс’:m] — 4-sinf         
5. the third form [|с’:d] — 3-sinf
6. school-children [sku:l t$ildrn] — o‘quvchilar
7. three [|ri:] — uch
8. a wife [waif] — rafiqa
9. a garden [g°:dn] — bog‘
11. large [l°:d¦] — katta
10. today [tс’dei] — bugun
12. nice [nais] — go‘zal

1. «ee», «ie», «ea» digraflari 1-raqamli [i:] unli tovushini ifodalaydi.

Misol:                      sea [si:] — dengiz
         tea [ti:] — choy
         meet [mi:t] — uchrashmoq
         piece [pi:s] — bo‘lak

2. «wr» undosh harflar birikmasidagi «w» harfi o‘qilmaydi, «r»  harfi esa [r] tovushini ifodalaydi.
Misol:      wrap [r#p] — o‘ramoq
      writer [raitс’] — yozuvchi

3. Ingliz tilida bo‘g‘in yasovchi undosh mavjud. Ular [l], [n] sonor undosh tovushlar bo‘lib, urg‘usiz bo‘g‘inda o‘zidan oldin turgan unli tovush o‘rnida bo‘g‘in yasaydi.
Misol:     lesson ['lesn]           pencil ['pensl]       garden ['g°:dn]

4. «ch» va «tch» undosh harflar birikmalari [t$] tovushini beradi. «tch» birikmasi doimo so‘z oxirida uchraydi.Misol:      
                                               chip [t$ip] — yupqa parrak (olma, kartoshka)
         lynch [lint$] — linch qilmoq
         match [m#t$] — match, musobaqa, gugurt.

5. «c» va «g» undosh harflarining o‘qilishi.


1. Fred Russel      ['rА‡sl]   Fred Rassel 
2. Judy         ['d¦u:di]   Judi
3. Mark         [ma:k]   Mark
4. Peggy      ['pegi]      Peggi

1. «These», «those» so‘zlari «this», «that» ko‘rsatish olmoshining ko‘pligidir.

This [`is] — bu      these [`i:z] — bular
That [`#t] — o‘sha      those [`ouz] — o‘shalar

2. «and» bog‘lovchi bo‘lib, gap bo‘laklarini yoki gaplarni teng bog‘laydi va o‘zbek tiliga «va» deb tarjima qilinadi. U yordamchi so‘z bo‘lgani uchun gapda urg‘u olmaydi va [с’nd] deb o‘qiladi.

3. «In» predlogi. Predloglar yordamchi so‘zlar bo‘lib, otdan oldin qo‘llaniladi va o‘zbek tilidagi kelishik qo‘shimchalari va ko‘makchilari singari gap bo‘laklarini bir-biriga bog‘laydi. «In»  «da» (ichida) deb tarjima qilinadi va shaxs yoki predmetning o‘rnini bildiradi.

Misol:      The pencils are in the pencil-box.
      Qalamlar qalamdondadir.

4. Kishilik olmoshlari. — Personal Pronouns.
Bosh kelishikdagi kishilik olmoshlari quyidagilar:

Singular — birlik      Plural — ko‘plik
I.   I [ai] — men      I.    We [wi:] — biz
II.   You [ju:] — sen       II.    You [ju:] — siz(lar)
III.   He [hi:] — u (mr.)      III.    They [`ei] — ular
   She [$i:] — u (j.r.) 
   It [It] — u   (predmet va jonivorlar uchun)
5. «to be» (bo‘lmoq) fe’lining «Present Indefinite»  «noaniq hozirgi zamon» da tuslanishi.
Noaniq hozirgi zamonda  «to be» fe’lining uchta shakli bor: «am», «is», «are».

I.Bo‘lishli shaklda.

Singular — birlik

I. I am in the room. — Men xonadaman.
II. You are in the room. — Sen xonadasan.
III. He (she) is in the room. — U xonada (dir.)

Plural — ko‘plik

I. We are in the room. — Biz xonadamiz.
II. You are in the room. — Siz xonadasiz.
III. They are in the room. — Ular xonada (dirlar).

II. So‘roq gapda «to be» fe’lining tegishli shakli egadan oldin qo‘yiladi:


I. Am I in the room?—Yes, you are.—No, you are not (aren't).
II. Are you in the room?—Yes, I am.—No, I am not.
III. Is he (she) in the room?—Yes, he (she) is.—No, he (she) is not. (isn't).


I. Are we in the room?—Yes, you are.—No, you are not (aren't).
II. Are you in the room?—Yes, we are.—No, we are not (aren't).
III. Are they in the room?—Yes, they are.—No, they are not (aren't).
III. Bo‘lishsiz gapda egadan keyin «to be» fe’lining tegishli shakli va «not» inkor yuklamasi qo‘yiladi:


I am not in the room. — Men xonada emasman.
You are not in the room. — Sen xonada emassan.
He (she) is not in the room. — U xonada emas(dir).


We are not in the room. — Biz xonada emasmiz.
You are not in the room. — Siz xonada emassiz.
They are not in the room. — Ular xonada emas (dirlar).

  Maxsus so‘roq gap deb, so‘roq so‘zlardan boshlanadigan so‘roq gaplarga aytiladi.   Maxsus so‘roq gaplarda so‘z tartibi quyidagicha bo‘ladi:
1. Ega va eganing aniqlovchisidan boshqa gap bo‘laklariga so‘roq qo‘yilsa, albatta, yordamchi yoki bog‘lama fe’l ega oldiga chiqariladi, ya’ni so‘roq so‘zdan keyin, albatta, yordamchi yoki bog‘lama fe’l turadi. Ega va eganing aniqlovchisiga so‘roq qo‘yilsa, gapdagi so‘z tartibi o‘zgarmaydi (darak gapdagidek bo‘ladi).
Egadan tashqari gap bo‘laklariga savol berilsa, to‘liq javob beriladi. Ega, eganing aniqlovchisiga savol berilsa, qisqa javob beriladi.
 Maxsus so‘roq gaplar pasayuvchi ohang bilan talaffuz qilinadi:

Misol:      What is Fred? — Fred kim (bo‘lib ishlaydi,)
         'wс”t iz fred¦   

Eslatma: «what» so‘zi savolda kasbga nisbatan berilyapti.

Тopshiriq:
1. Matnni transkripsiya va tonogramma qiling.
2. Matnni yodlab oling.

I mashq. Quyidagi gaplarning so‘roq va bo‘lishsiz shaklini yozing:
1.Boys are in the street. 2. He is a pupil. 3. The teacher is at the table. 4. She is his friend. 5. Her sister is at home. 6. Schoolchildren are in the garden. 7. Tom is in the classroom. 8. His name is Pete. 9. They are doctors. 10. It is a picture.

II mashq. Quyidagi gaplardagi nuqtalar o‘rniga «to be» fe’lining mos shaklini qo‘ying:

1. Billy ... five. 2. This ... Mark. 3. He ... a schoolboy. 4. They ... schoolchildren. 5. The girls ... in the garden. 6. The garden ... not large. 7. Tom ... not a pupil. 8. His name ... Fred.

III mashq. Quyidagi gaplarni ingliz tiliga tarjima qiling.

1. Nelli 5 yoshda. U o‘quvchi emas. 2. Peggi uchinchi sinfda o‘qiydi. 3. Mark to‘rtinchi sinfda o‘qiydi. 4. O‘quvchilar sinfdalar. 5. Ular bog‘da emaslar. 6. U (ayol) o‘qituvchidir. 7. O‘qituvchi sinfda. 8. Sinf katta emas. 9. Men o‘n yoshdaman. 10. Men o‘quvchiman.

I have got a wife, two daughters and parents. My wife is Ann. She is a librarian. My daughters are: Mary and Susan. Mary is at school and Susan is at the nursery. They have got many toys.
My parents are retired workers. They have got a garden. Their garden is on the seashore. The air is fresh there. We stay there every summer.

Matn uchun faol so‘zlar

1. a daughter ['dс”:tс’] — qiz
2. parents ['p±с’rс’nts] — ota-ona
3. a librarian [laib'r±с’riс’n] — kutubxonachi
4. at school [с’t sku:l] — maktabda
5. a nursery ['nс’:sс’ri:] — bog‘cha
6. many ['meni] — ko‘p
7. a toy [tс”i] — o‘yinchoq
8. a retired worker [ri'taiс’d] — nafaqadagi ishchi
9. their [`±с’] — ularning
10. the seashore [`с’'si:$с”:] — dengiz qirg‘og‘i
11. air [±с’] — havo
12. fresh [fre$] — sof
13. to stay [tс’stei] — turmoq (vaqtincha yashamoq)
14. every summer ['evri'sА‡mс’] — har yozda.

1. «aw» va «au» digraflari [с”:] tovushini ifodalaydi. Misol:
paw [pс”:] — panja         lawn [lс”:n] — o‘tloq
pause [pс”:z] — (pauza) to‘xtam   applause [с’p'lс”:z] — qarsaklar
     
Bu qoidadan mustasno so‘zlar:
Aunt [°:nt] — xola, amma      to laugh [l°:f] — kulmoq

2. «air» va «eir» harf birikmalari [±с’] tovushini ifodalaydi. Misol:      hair [h±с’] — soch      their [`±с’] — ularning

3. a) «wh» undosh harflar birikmasidan keyin «o» harfi kelsa, «w» harfi o‘qilmaydi.
Misol:      who [hu:] — kim      whose [hu:z] — kimning

b) «wh» harfidan keyin «o» dan tashqari unli harf kelsa, «h» harfi o‘qilmaydi. Misol:      what [wс”t] — nima
         when [wen] — qachon
         which [wit$] — qaysi, nechanchi
         why [wai] — nima uchun, nega

GRAMMAТIKA
Egalik olmoshlari.
Possessive Pronouns

Egalik olmoshlari gapda doimo aniqlovchi vazifasida keladi.
Misol:      This is my book.

«To have got» fe’l birikmasining
«Present Indefinite» da tuslanishi
Singular

I. I have got a book. — Menda kitob bor.
II. You have got a book. — Senda kitob bor.
III. He/She has got a book. — Unda kitob bor.

Plural

I. We have got books. — Bizda kitoblar bor.
II. You have got books. — Sizda kitoblar bor.
III. They have got books. — Ularda kitoblar bor.
Bo‘lishsiz shaklini yasash uchun «not» inkor yuklamasi «have» fe’lidan keyin qo‘yiladi.

Singular

I. I have not got a book. — Menda kitob yo‘q.
II. You have not got a book. — Senda kitob yo‘q.
III. He/She has not got a book. — Unda kitob yo‘q.

Plural

I. We have not got books. — Bizda kitoblar yo‘q.
II. You have not got books. — Sizda kitoblar yo‘q.
III. They have not got books. — Ularda kitoblar yo‘q.

Eslatma: have not got — haven't got,Z has not got — hasn't got.

   Bu fe’l birikmasining so‘roq shaklini yasash uchun «have» qismi ega oldiga chiqarib qo‘yiladi va shu fe’l bilan javob beriladi:

Singular

I. Have I got a book? — Yes, you have. — No, you have not.
II. Have you got a book? — Yes, I have. — No, I have not.
III. Has he/she got a book?—Yes, he/she has.—No, he/she has not.

Plural

I. Have we got books? — Yes, you have. — No, you have not.
II. Have you got books? — Yes, we have. — No, we have not.
III. Have they got books? — Yes, they have. — No,they have not.