Text: Our Family.
Dialoque.
Grammar:   I. Combination «To Have Got»
         II. Indefinite Pronouns «Some», «Any».       
         III. The Cases of Nouns.
         IV. The Alternative Question.
         V.  The parts of a Sentence.   


Our family is large. I have got a father, a mother, a brother and a sister. My father's name is Olim. He is forty-five. He is an engineer. My mother's name is Mohira. She is forty-one. She is a doctor. My younger brother's name is Odil. He is sixteen. He is a schoolboy. He is in the tenth form.
   My younger sister's name is Malika. She is 13. She is a schoolgirl. She is in the eighth form.
   My name is Hakim. I am nineteen. I am a second-year student of the Tashkent Islamic University.
   I have got a grandfather and a grandmother too. They are old. They are pensioners. They live in the country. They love their children and grandchildren.
   My father has got a brother and a sister.
   My uncle's name is Karim. He is a businessman.
   My aunt's name is Saida. She is a teacher. But my mother hasn't got any brothers and sisters.

The new words and expressions:

1. a family ['f#mili] — oila
2. a father [f°:`с’] — ota
3. a mother ['mА‡`с’] — ona
4. an elder brother [с’n'eldс’'brА‡`с’] — aka
5. a younger brother ['jА‡А…gс’] — uka
6. an elder sister [sistс’] — opa
7. a younger sister [jА‡А…gс’ sistс’] — singil
8. an uncle ['А‡А…kl] — amaki yoki tog‘a
9. an aunt [°:nt] — amma yoki xola
10. a grandfather ['gr#n f°:`с’] — buva (bobo)
11. a grandmother ['gr#n mА‡`с’] — buvi (momo)
12. a child [t$aild] — bola children [t$ildrс’n] — bolalar
13. a grandchildren [gr#n t$ildrс’n] — nabiralar
14. a school-boy [sku:lbс”i] — o‘quvchi bola
15. a school-girl [sku:lgс’:l] — o‘quvchi qiz

I. «n» harfi «k», «c» harflari oldida kelganda, [А…] undosh sonor tovushini ifodalaydi.
Misol:    ink [iА…k] — siyoh,   uncle ['А‡А…kl] — amaki yoki tog‘a

II.«Some», «any» gumon olmoshlari.
Predmetlarning aniq bo‘lmagan oz sonli ekanligini ifodalash uchun «some», «any» gumon olmoshlari ishlatiladi. Ular odatda aniqlovchi vazifasini bajarib, ot oldida keladi va artikl vazifasini o‘taydi.
1. «Some» bo‘lishli gaplarda ko‘plikdagi sanaladigan yoki birlikdagi sanalmaydigan ot oldida keladi va «bir necha», «biroz» deb tarjima qilinadi.
Misol:    I have got some English books.
       Menda bir necha inglizcha kitob bor.
       He has got some money.
       Unda biroz pul bor.

2. «Some» olmoshi ot oldida kelganda urg‘u tushmaydi va reduksiyalanadi, yolg‘iz kelganda esa urg‘u olmasa ham to‘liq shaklda talaffuz qilinadi.
Misol:    Give me some chalk.
       Have you got any books? — Yes, I have got some.
Lekin «some of them», «some of us» kabi so‘z birikmalarida esa, «some» urg‘u oladi va to‘liq talaffuz etiladi.
Some of them know German.

3. «Any» olmoshi so‘roq va bo‘lishsiz gaplarda qo‘llanadi va «qandaydir», «hech qanday» ma’nolarini anglatadi, gapda aniqlovchi vazifasini bajaradi.
Misol:    Have you got any books? — Yes, I have some.
       I haven't got any books.
   
4. «Any» olmoshi ko‘pincha bo‘lishli gapda kelganda «har qanaqa» (lyuboy) ma’nosini beradi.
Misol:    You can take any book you like.  Sen istagan kitobingni olishing mumkin.

5. «Any» so‘zi bilan tuzilgan so‘roq gaplarga «some»  so‘zi bilan javob beriladi.
Misol:    Have you got any chalk?  Yes, I have some.

O‘zbek tilida otlarda oltita kelishik bor: bosh, qaratqich, tushum, jo‘nalish, chiqish va o‘rin-payt kelishiklari. Ingliz tilida esa otlarda faqat ikkita kelishik bor:
1. The Common Case. — Umumiy kelishik.
2. The Possessive Case. — Egalik kelishigi.

a) The Possessive Case o‘zbek tilidagi qaratqich kelishigiga mos keladi. U ot o‘zagiga birlikda apostrofli «s» ('s) qo‘shimchasi qo‘shish bilan yasaladi:
Misol:      My sister's flat — opamning xonadoni

Agar ot ko‘plikda bo‘lib, «s» (lar) qo‘shimchasini olgan bo‘lsa, u holda «-s» qo‘shimchasidan keyin apostrof (') ning o‘zi qo‘yiladi.
Misol:    the boy's ball — bolaning koptogi
    the boys' balls — bolalarning koptoklari

Ko‘pligi mustasno holda yasaladigan otlar bilan egalik kelishigi yasash uchun ular o‘zagiga xuddi birlikdagi kabi ('s) qo‘shiladi.
Misol:                    the man's book — kishining kitobi
       the men's books — kishilarning kitoblari
       the woman's dress — ayolning ko‘ylagi
       the women's dresses — ayollarning ko‘ylagi
        the child's toy — bolaning o‘yinchog‘i
       the children's toys — bolalarning o‘yinchoqlari

«The Possessive Case» da jonli predmetlarni ifodalovchi otlargina ishlatiladi. Bu kelishikdagi otlar gapda doimo aniqlovchi vazifasini bajaradi va «Whose?» savoliga javob bo‘ladi.
Jonsiz predmetlarni ifodalovchi otlarning qaratqich kelishigi ma’nosini berishi uchun ot o‘zagi oldiga «of» predlogi qo‘yiladi:
Misol:                    The window of the room. — xonaning derazasi
       The corner of the room. — xonaning burchagi

b) «The Common Case» dagi otlar gapdagi o‘rniga qarab yoki predlog bilan kelib, o‘zbek tilidagi qolgan kelishiklar ma’nolarini ifodalashi mumkin:
My sister is in the room.
(«singlim»  ega)
He sees my sister at the bus-stop.
(«singlimni» vositasiz to‘ldiruvchi)
He gives my sister a book.
(«singlimga»  vositali to‘ldiruvchi)
He takes a book from my sister.
(«singlimdan» predlogli to‘ldiruvchi)
This is my sister.
(«singlimdir» qo‘shma ot kesimning ot qismi).

I. Тanlov so‘roq gap

Тanlov so‘roq gap 2 qismdan iborat bo‘ladi:
1. Umumiy so‘roq gap.
2. «Or» bog‘lovchisidan keyin keladigan tanlanadigan gap bo‘lagi.
Misol:    Is he a student or a pupil? — He is a pupil.

Тanlov so‘roq gapga to‘liq javob beriladi.
1. Agar tanlov so‘roq gap egaga beriladigan bo‘lsa, so‘roq gap boshqacharoq tuziladi va javob qisqa bo‘ladi.
Misol:    Is Ben in Tashkent or is Nick? — Nick is.

2. Тanlov so‘roq gapning I qismi ko‘tariluvchi ohang bilan, II qismi esa pasayuvchi ohang bilan talaffuz qilinadi.
Misol:    Is this pencil red or black?
       'Iz `is'pensl red с”: bl#k ¦¦

II. Gap bo‘laklari
Ingliz tilida ham gap bo‘laklari o‘zbek tilidagi kabi ikkiga bo‘linadi:
1. Bosh bo‘laklar.
2. Ikkinchi darajali bo‘laklar.

1. Bosh bo‘laklar ega va kesimdan iborat. Ega kim? yoki nima? so‘rog‘iga javob bo‘ladi. Kesim esa kimdir?, nimadir?, nima qiladi?, nima qilyapti?, nima qildi? kabi so‘roqlarga javob bo‘ladi:
Misol:    Our family is large.
       She has got a sister.

2. Ikkinchi darajali bo‘laklar aniqlovchi, to‘ldiruvchi va holdan iborat.
Aniqlovchi kimning?, nimaning?, qanday?, qaysi?, nechanchi? kabi so‘roqlarga javob bo‘ladi:
Misol:    I have got a large room.

Тo‘ldiruvchi  vositali, vositasiz va predlogli to‘ldiruvchiga bo‘linadi. Vositasiz to‘ldiruvchi kimni?, nimani? so‘rog‘iga javob bo‘ladi. Vositali va predlogli to‘ldiruvchilar kimga?, nimaga?,  kimdan?, nimadan?, kim haqida?, nima haqida? kabi so‘rog‘iga javob bo‘ladi.
Hol  payt, o‘rin, ravish, maqsad va sabab hollaridan iborat. Payt holi qachon?, qancha vaqt? kabi so‘roqlarga; o‘rin holi qayerda?, qayerga? kabi so‘roqlarga; ravish holi qanday?, qay tarzda?; maqsad holi nima maqsadda?; sabab holi nima uchun? kabi so‘roqlarga javob bo‘ladilar.
Misol:    I       have        got      a              sister.
   ega        kesim         vositasiz    to‘ldiruvchi
       They live in the country.
                o‘rin holi

I. Quyidagi «Possessive Case» da kelgan otlarni transkripsiya qiling va to‘g‘ri talaffuz bilan o‘qing:
            [z]      [iz]
      Bet's      father's   charles'   
      Smith's   girl's      niece's
      Nick's      Jane's      Holmes'
      Aunt's      uncle's   horse's
      Student's   boy's      boss'

II. Quyidagi gaplarni o‘qing, tagiga chizilgan so‘zlarga ahamiyat bering:

The boy has got a toy.
Has the boy got a toy? — Yes, he has.
Has she got any sisters? — Yes, she's got some.
She hasn't got any brothers.

III. Quyidagi gaplarni bo‘lishsiz va so‘roq shakllarga qo‘ying:

1. Mary has got a family.
2. Jane has got a lot of friends.
3. They have got some English books.
4. He has got two sons and a daughter.
5. Bob and Nick have got skates.
6. I have got some work now.
7. He has got a question.
8. The boy has got a cold.

IV. Nuqtalar o‘rniga «some» yoki «any» gumon olmoshini qo‘ying:

1. I have got ..... Arabic books.
2. Have you got ..... English books?
3. She has got .... time to do this work.
4. Give me ..... chalk, please.
5. Has she got ..... friends here?
6. The student hasn't got ..... questions.
7. Please take ..... book you like.
8. .... of these articles are interesting.
9. There are not ..... children in the garden.
10. There is ..... ink in my pen.

V. Quyidagi tanlov so‘roq gaplarga javob bering:

1. Is your aunt young or old?
2. Are children in the garden or in the street?
3. Have you got an elder brother or a younger brother?
4. Has he got a niece or a nephew?
5. Is your mother a teacher or an engineer?
6. Are the pupils in the classroom or in the sports ground?
7. Is there a TV-set or a radio-set on the little table?
8. Are there two or four armchairs in the sitting-room?
9. Is your father's car new or old?
10. Are his sister's children at school or at home?

VI. Quyidagi so‘z birikmalari bilan gaplar tuzing:

1. The pupil's room. 2. The pupils' room. 3. The man's brother. 4. The men's brother. 5. The child's bed. 6. The children's beds. 7. The middle of the room. 8. The corner of the room. 9. The leaves of the tree. 10. The colour of the table.

VII. Тagiga chizilgan otni «Possessive Case» ga qo‘yib, gaplarni birlashtiring:

1. Do‘stimda mashina bor. U qulay. 2. Dilshodda savol bor. U qiyin. 3. Onamning singlisi bor. U ingliz tili o‘qituvchisi. 4. Akamda do‘stlar ko‘p. Ular  talaba. 5. Bular talabalarning daftarlari. Ular parta ustida. 6.  Do‘stimda bog‘bor. Unda mevali daraxtlar ko‘p. 7. O‘qituvchimda qora sumka bor. U stul ustida. 8. Dilbarda qo‘g‘irchoqlar bor. Ular chiroyli.

VIII. Quyidagi gaplarni tarjima qiling:

1. Anyaning sumkasida bir necha daftar bor. 2. O‘qituvchida ozgina bo‘r bor. 3. Sizning do‘stlaringiz bormi? 4. Akangizning do‘stlari bormi? 5. Dadangizning haydovchisi yoshmi? 6. Opamning mashinasi yangi. 7. Bog‘da bir necha mevali daraxtlar bor. 8. Bu ko‘chada hech qanday gulxona yo‘q. 9. Parta ustida bir necha ruchka va qalam bor. 10. Mehmonxonada qandaydir kreslo bormi? 11. Jeynning xonasi qulay. 12. Nikning buvasi va buvisi nafaqadadirlar.

IX. Quyidagi dialogni yod oling:

Jack:   She is pretty. Who is she?
Fred:   That's my daughter Peggy.
Jack:   Is this your son?
Fred:   Yes: That's Mark. He is five.
Jack:   Five! Oh, he's a big boy.
Fred:   And those are my cats, Harold and Maude.

X. Maqolni o‘qing va yodda tuting.
   First think, then speak.

Text: My Working Day.
Dialogue.Phonetics: ea [e], «w + a», «w + o»
Grammar:   I. Time prepositions.
         II. Present Indefinite.
         III. Cardinal and Ordinal Numerals.   


I usually get up at 7 o'clock. I open the window, make my bed and do my morning exercises. I have a wash and dress. At half past seven I have breakfast. At 8 o'clock I go to the University. I go by bus 28. Our first lesson begins at 8.30.
We usually have four lessons. We study History, Arabic, Uzbek literature, English and other subjects. Our classes are over at 14.50. I have lunch at the University canteen. I come home at four o'clock.
I have a little rest. Then I do my homework. At seven o'clock I have dinner. Then I watch TV. At 8 I learn the new words and read texts.
At 11 o'clock I go to bed.

Answer the questions:

1. When do you usually get up?
2. What do you do in the morning?
3. How do you go to the University?
4. When does your first lesson begin?
5. How many lessons do you have every day?
6. What subjects do you study?
7. Where do you have dinner?
8. Do you help your mother about the house?
9. When do you do your homework?
10. What do you learn in the evening?

The new words and expressions:

1. to get up [get'А‡p] — o‘rindan turmoq
2. to make the bed [meik] — o‘rinni tuzatib (yig‘ishtirib) qo‘ymoq
3. to do morning exercises [eksс’saiziz] — ertalabki badantarbiya mashqlarini bajarmoq
4. to have a wash [wс”$] — yuvinmoq
5. to dress [dres] — kiyinmoq
6. to have breakfast [brekfс’st] — nonushta qilmoq
7. to have dinner ['dinс’] — tushlik qilmoq
8. to have supper [s'А‡pс’] — kechki ovqatni yemoq
9. a class [kl°:s] — mashg‘ulot, dars
10. to study ['stА‡di] — o‘rganmoq, o‘qimoq
11. history ['histс’ri] — tarix
12. arabic ['#rс’bik] — arab tili
13. literature ['litrit$с’] — adabiyot
14. to be over ['ouvс’] — tugatmoq
15. to have a rest [rest] — dam olmoq
16. then [`en] — so‘ngra
17. to learn [lс’:n] — yodlamoq, o‘rganmoq
18. to go to bed [tс’'goutс’'bed] — uxlashga yotmoq
19. to work hard (at) [h°:d] — qattiq ishlamoq
20. to do well in English — ingliz tilini yaxshi o‘qimoq
21. to be in time for the lesson — darsga vaqtida kelmoq
22. to revise  [ri'vaiz] — takrorlamoq (esga tushirmoq)

I. «ea» digrafi ba’zi so‘zlarda [i:] tovushi o‘rniga [e] tovushi bilan ifodalanadi:

1. breath [bre|] — nafas
2. bread [bred] — non
3. breadth [bred|] — kenglik
4. breakfast [brekfс’st] — nonushta
5. dead [ded] — o‘lgan, jonsiz
6. deaf [def] — kar-soqov
7. death [de|] — o‘lim
8. ready [redi] — tayyor
9. health [hel|] — sog‘liq
10. wealth [wel|] — boylik
11. head [hed] — bosh
12. heavy [hevi] — og‘ir, qattiq

Quyidagi so‘zlarda esa [i:] tovushi o‘rniga [ei] tovushini ifodalaydi:

break [breik] — sindirmoq
great [greit] — buyuk, ulug‘
steak [steik] — go‘sht, muskul

II. 1) «a» unli harfi «w» undoshi yoki «qu» harflar birikmasidan keyin I tur yopiq bo‘g‘inda

• unli o‘rniga [с”] unli tovushini,  III tur yopiq bo‘g‘inda esa [°:] unli tovushi o‘rniga [с”:] tovushini ifodalaydi.

2) «o» harfi «w» yoki «qu» birikmasidan keyin I tur yopiq bo‘g‘inda [с”] unli tovushi o‘rniga [А‡] tovushini, III tur bo‘g‘inda [с”] o‘rniga [с’:] tovushini ifodalaydi.

III. Vaqtni bildiruvchi predloglar quyidagilar: at, from... to... . Bular son oldida kelib, paytni bildiradi.
Misol:    At 8 o'clock — soat 8 da
       From 9 to 5 — soat 9 dan 5 gacha

IV. Sanoq sonlar.
1) Ingliz tilidagi tub sonlar quyidagilar:
1 — one   4 — four   7 — seven      10 — ten
2 — two   5 — five   8 — eight      11 — eleven   
3 — three   6 — six   9 — nine      12 — twelve

2) 13 dan 19 gacha bo‘lgan sonlar yasash uchun tub sonlar oxiriga «-teen» qo‘shimchasi qo‘shiladi. Misol:
13 — thirteen      14 — fourteen   15 — fifteen  va h.k.

3) O‘nlik sonlar tub son oxiriga «-ty» qo‘shimchasi qo‘shish bilan yasaladi.
Misol:    20 — twenty   50 — fifty
       30 — thirty      60 — sixty
       40 — forty      70 — seventy
          100 — a hundred

4) O‘nlik va birlik sonlar orasiga chiziqcha qo‘yiladi.
Misol:      25 — twenty-five      76 — seventy-six

V. Тartib sonlar.
Barcha tartib sonlar sanoq sonlarning oxiriga «-th» qo‘shimchasini qo‘shish orqali yasaladi. «Birinchi», «ikkinchi», «uchinchi» tartib sonlari esa boshqa o‘zakdan yasaladi.
Misol:                      1 — one — the first      
         2 — two — the second   
         3   —  three     —  the third   
         4   —  four      —  the fourth
         12  —  twelve    —  the twelfth
         13  —  thirteen  —  the thirteenth va h.k.

Eslatma: Тartib sonlar oldida «the» aniq artikli ishlatiladi.

TIME

What time is it? — Soat necha (bo‘ldi)?
What is the time?
How long... — Qancha vaqt...
It is 9 o'clock. — Soat 9
At 9 o'clock. — Soat 9 da
It is 5 minutes past 9. — Soat 9 dan 5 daqiqa o‘tdi
At 5 minutes past 9. — Soat 9 dan 5 daqiqa o‘tganda...
It is half past 9. — Soat 9 yarim
At half past 9. — Soat 9 yarimda...
It is 15 (fifteen) minutes to 10. — Soat 15 daqiqa kam 10
It is a quarter to 10. — Soat chorak kam 10
At 15 minutes to ten. — Soat 15 daqiqa kam 10 da...
It is 5 minutes to 10. — Soat 5 daqiqa kam 10
At 5 minutes to 10... — Soat 5 daqiqa kam 10 da...