The Past Indefinite Tense zamoni.
Noaniq o‘tgan zamon fe’li
I. Past Indefinite zamoni nutq so‘zlanib turgan paytdan oldin bo‘lib o‘tgan, hozirgi zamonga bog‘liqligi bo‘lmagan ish-harakatni ifodalaydi.Misol: I saw my friend yesterday.
Men kecha do‘stimni ko‘rdim.
II. Past Indefinite zamonini yasashda hamma mustaqil fe’llar 2 ta guruhga bo‘linadi:1. Regular verbs — Тo‘g‘ri fe’llar
2. Irregular verbs — Noto‘g‘ri fe’llar.
1. Тo‘g‘ri fe’llarning noaniq o‘tgan zamonini yasash uchun fe’l o‘zagiga «d» ( yoki «-ed») qo‘shimchasi qo‘shiladi: (work+ed). Noto‘g‘ri fe’llarning esa jadvaldagi II shakli shu zamonga mos keladi (to write— wrote). Endi to‘g‘ri fe’l «to work» bilan noto‘g‘ri fe’l «to write» ni shu zamonda tuslaymiz.
Singular
I. I worked (wrote) yesterday. — Men kecha ishladim (yozdim).
II. You worked (wrote) yesterday. — Sen kecha ishlading (yozding).
III. He/she worked (wrote) yesterday. — U kecha ishladi (yozdi).
Plural
I. We worked (wrote) yesterday. — Biz kecha ishladik (yozdik).
II. You worked (wrote) yesterday. — Siz(lar) kecha ishladingiz (yozdingiz).
III. They worked (wrote) yesterday. — Ular kecha ishladilar (yozdilar).
III. Bo‘lishsiz shaklini yasash uchun fe’l o‘zagi oldiga«Past Indefinite» dagi»do» (did) yordamchi fe’li va «not» inkor yuklamasi qo‘yiladi.I. I did not work (write) yesterday.
II. You did not work (write) yesterday.
III. He/she did not work (write) yesterday.
I. We did not work (write) yesterday
II. You did not work (write) yesterday
III. They did not work (write) yesterday
IV. So‘roq shaklini yasash uchun «do» (did) yordamchi fe’li ega oldiga chiqarib qo‘yiladi va shu bilan javob beriladi:I. Did I work (write) yesterday? — Yes, you did. — No, you did not.
II. Did you work (write) yesterday? — Yes, I did.
— No, I didn't.
III. Did he (she) work (write) yesterday? — Yes, he/she did. — No, he/she did not.
I. Did we work (write) yesterday? — Yes, you did.
— No, you did not.
II. Did you work (write) yesterday? — Yes, we did. — No, we did not.
III. Did they work (write) yesterday? — Yes, they did. — No, they did not.
V. Past Indefinite zamoni ishlatilishi kerakligini ko‘rsatuvchi turtki (signal) so‘z va so‘z birikmalari quyidagilar:1. yesterday ['jestс’di] — kecha
2. last week [la:st wi:k] — o‘tgan haftada
3. last month [la:st mА‡n|] — o‘tgan oyda
4. last winter (spring....) — o‘tgan qishda (bahorda va h.k.)
5. three days ago [с’'gou] — 3 kun avval
6. the day before yesterday — o‘tgan kuni
VI. Тasdiq so‘roq gap. Bu so‘roq gap ikki qismdan iborat bo‘ladi: 1. Darak gap; 2. Qisqa umumiy so‘roq gap.
1. Agar darak gap bo‘lishli shaklda bo‘lsa, umumiy so‘roq gap bo‘lishsiz shaklda bo‘ladi va javobi bo‘lishli bo‘ladi.
2. Agar darak gap bo‘lishsiz shaklda bo‘lsa, umumiy so‘roq gap bo‘lishli bo‘ladi va javob bo‘lishsiz shaklda bo‘ladi. Misollar:
He plays the piano well, doesn't he? — Yes, he does.
He doesn't play the piano well, does he? — No, he doesn't.
Тasdiq so‘roq gapning birinchi qismi darak gap bo‘lgani uchun pasayuvchi ohang bilan ikkinchi qismi esa ko‘tariluvchi ohang bilan talaffuz qilinadi.
Misol:
He plays the piano well, doesn't he? Yes, he does.
hi 'pleiz `с’ pi#nouwel |dА‡znt hi: ||jes | hi'dА‡z ||
He doesn't play the piano well, does he? No, he doesn't.
hi 'dА‡znt 'plei `с’ pi'#nou wel |dА‡z hi: ||nou | hidА‡znt ||
Eslatma: Kishilik olmoshlari gap oxirida kelganda, urg‘usiz holatda bo‘lsa ham to‘liq talaffuz qilinadi. Yuqoridagi «does he», «doesn't he» umumiy savollaridagi «he» kishilik olmoshining holatiga e’tibor bering.