AL-FAQIH ABU LAYS AS-SAMARQANDIY
TANBEHUL–G‘OFILIYN
(G‘aflatdan uyg‘otish)
Arab tilidan Dilmurod Qo‘shoqov tarjimasi
"Movarounnahr"
Toshkent
© «Mutarjim», Toshkent, 2003-2005
Tanbehul g'ofiliyn
(http://www.ziyouz.com/images/books/tanbeh.jpg) (http://www.ziyouz.com/index.php?option=com_remository&Itemid=57&func=fileinfo&id=58)
Muallif: Abu Lays Samarqandiy
Hajmi: 1,23 Mb
Fayl tipi: pdf, zip
(http://www.ziyouz.com/components/com_remository/images/download_trans.gif) Saqlab olish (http://www.ziyouz.com/index.php?option=com_remository&Itemid=57&func=fileinfo&id=58)
Online o'qish (http://forum.ziyouz.com/index.php?topic=258.1050)
MUNDARIJA
Hadis ilmi va uning turlari haqida qisqacha ma’lumot (http://forum.ziyouz.com/index.php?topic=258.msg3497#msg3497)
Muallif muqaddimasi (http://forum.ziyouz.com/index.php?topic=258.msg3498#msg3498)
1-bob. Ixlos (http://forum.ziyouz.com/index.php?topic=258.msg3500#msg3500)
2-bob. O‘lim qo‘rqinchi va shiddati (http://forum.ziyouz.com/index.php?topic=258.msg3578#msg3578)
3-bob. Qabr azobi va uning qattiqligi (http://forum.ziyouz.com/index.php?topic=258.msg3593#msg3593)
4-bob. Qiyomatning qo‘rqinchi va dahshatlari (http://forum.ziyouz.com/index.php?topic=258.msg3604#msg3604)
5-bob. Do‘zax va do‘zax ahlining sifatlari (http://forum.ziyouz.com/index.php?topic=258.msg3613#msg3613)
6-bob. Jannat va jannat ahlining sifatlari (http://forum.ziyouz.com/index.php?topic=258.msg3622#msg3622)
7-bob. Allohning rahmatidan umid qilish (http://forum.ziyouz.com/index.php?topic=258.msg3635#msg3635)
8-bob. Yaxshi ishlarga buyurish va yomon ishlardan qaytarish (http://forum.ziyouz.com/index.php?topic=258.msg3651#msg3651)
9-bob. Tavba (http://forum.ziyouz.com/index.php?topic=258.msg3666#msg3666)
10-bob. Yana tavba haqida (http://forum.ziyouz.com/index.php?topic=258.msg3683#msg3683)
11-bob. Ota-onaning haqqi (http://forum.ziyouz.com/index.php?topic=258.msg3939#msg3939)
12-bob. Farzandning ota ustidagi haqlari (http://forum.ziyouz.com/index.php?topic=258.msg4061#msg4061)
13-bob. Silai rahm (http://forum.ziyouz.com/index.php?topic=258.msg4066#msg4066)
14-bob. Qo‘shnichilik haqlari (http://forum.ziyouz.com/index.php?topic=258.msg4078#msg4078)
15-bob. Aroq ichishdan qaytarish (http://forum.ziyouz.com/index.php?topic=258.msg4089#msg4089)
16-bob. Yolg‘ondan qaytarish (http://forum.ziyouz.com/index.php?topic=258.msg4102#msg4102)
17-bob. G‘iybat (http://forum.ziyouz.com/index.php?topic=258.msg4110#msg4110)
18-bob. Chaqimchilik (http://forum.ziyouz.com/index.php?topic=258.msg4119#msg4119)
19-bob. Hasad (http://forum.ziyouz.com/index.php?topic=258.msg4124#msg4124)
20-bob. Kibr (http://forum.ziyouz.com/index.php?topic=258.msg4135#msg4135)
21-bob. Ihtikor (http://forum.ziyouz.com/index.php?topic=258.msg4633#msg4633)
22-bob. Kulishdan qaytarish (http://forum.ziyouz.com/index.php?topic=258.msg4639#msg4639)
23-bob. G‘azabni yengmoq (http://forum.ziyouz.com/index.php?topic=258.msg4648#msg4648)
24-bob. Tilni saqlash (http://forum.ziyouz.com/index.php?topic=258.msg4660#msg4660)
25-bob. Hirs va uzun orzu (http://forum.ziyouz.com/index.php?topic=258.msg4671#msg4671)
26-bob. Kambag‘allarning fazilatlari (http://forum.ziyouz.com/index.php?topic=258.msg4681#msg4681)
27-bob. Dunyodan yuz o‘girish (http://forum.ziyouz.com/index.php?topic=258.msg4698#msg4698)
28-bob. Balo va mashaqqatlarga sabr qilish (http://forum.ziyouz.com/index.php?topic=258.msg4714#msg4714)
29-bob. Musibatga sabr qilish (http://forum.ziyouz.com/index.php?topic=258.msg5725#msg5725)
30-bob. Tahoratning fazilatlari (http://forum.ziyouz.com/index.php?topic=258.msg5740#msg5740)
31-bob. Besh vaqt namoz haqida (http://forum.ziyouz.com/index.php?topic=258.msg5750#msg5750)
32-bob. Azon va takbir fazilati (http://forum.ziyouz.com/index.php?topic=258.msg5774#msg5774)
33-bob. Tahorat va poklik (http://forum.ziyouz.com/index.php?topic=258.msg5794#msg5794)
34-bob. Jum’aning fazilati (http://forum.ziyouz.com/index.php?topic=258.msg5803#msg5803)
35-bob. Masjidlarning hurmati (http://forum.ziyouz.com/index.php?topic=258.msg5813#msg5813)
36-bob. Sadaqaning fazilati (http://forum.ziyouz.com/index.php?topic=258.msg5820#msg5820)
37-bob. Sadaqa balolarni daf qilishi haqida (http://forum.ziyouz.com/index.php?topic=258.msg5835#msg5835)
38-bob. Ramazon oyi fazilatlari (http://forum.ziyouz.com/index.php?topic=258.msg5838#msg5838)
39-bob. Zulhijja oyining dastlabki o‘n kuni fazilati (http://forum.ziyouz.com/index.php?topic=258.msg5852#msg5852)
40-bob. Ashuro kunining fazilati (http://forum.ziyouz.com/index.php?topic=258.msg5861#msg5861)
41-bob. Nafl ro‘zasi, oyning 13-,14-,15-kunlari ro‘zasi va rajab oyi ro‘zasining fazilati (http://forum.ziyouz.com/index.php?topic=258.msg5892#msg5892)
42-bob. Ahli ayolga nafaqa qilish (http://forum.ziyouz.com/index.php?topic=258.msg5901#msg5901)
43-bob. Qo‘l ostdagilarning rioyasi haqida (http://forum.ziyouz.com/index.php?topic=258.msg6013#msg6013)
44-bob. Yetimlarga yaxshilik qilish (http://forum.ziyouz.com/index.php?topic=258.msg6027#msg6027)
45-bob. Zino haqida (http://forum.ziyouz.com/index.php?topic=258.msg6040#msg6040)
46-bob. Ribo yeyish haqida (http://forum.ziyouz.com/index.php?topic=258.msg6051#msg6051)
47-bob. Gunohlar haqidagi rivoyatlar (http://forum.ziyouz.com/index.php?topic=258.msg6064#msg6064)
48-bob. Zulm haqida (http://forum.ziyouz.com/index.php?topic=258.msg6074#msg6074)
49-bob. Rahmat va shafqat (http://forum.ziyouz.com/index.php?topic=258.msg6086#msg6086)
50-bob. Allohdan qo‘rqish haqida (http://forum.ziyouz.com/index.php?topic=258.msg6097#msg6097)
51-bob. Alloh taoloni zikr qilish haqida (http://forum.ziyouz.com/index.php?topic=258.msg6282#msg6282)
52-bob. Duo haqida (http://forum.ziyouz.com/index.php?topic=258.msg6294#msg6294)
53-bob. Tasbeh aytish haqida (http://forum.ziyouz.com/index.php?topic=258.msg6302#msg6302)
54-bob. Payg‘ambar (s.a.v.)ga salovot aytishning fazilati haqida (http://forum.ziyouz.com/index.php?topic=258.msg6308#msg6308)
55-bob. "La-a ilaha illalloh" kalimasining fazilati haqida (http://forum.ziyouz.com/index.php?topic=258.msg6318#msg6318)
56-bob. Qur’on fazilatlari haqida (http://forum.ziyouz.com/index.php?topic=258.msg6336#msg6336)
57-bob. Ilm talab qilish fazilati haqida (http://forum.ziyouz.com/index.php?topic=258.msg6353#msg6353)
58-bob. Ilmga amal qilish (http://forum.ziyouz.com/index.php?topic=258.msg6363#msg6363)
59-bob. Ilm ahli bilan o‘tirishning fazilati (http://forum.ziyouz.com/index.php?topic=258.msg19421#msg19421)
60-bob. Shukr (http://forum.ziyouz.com/index.php?topic=258.msg19639#msg19639)
61-bob. Kasb qilish fazilati (http://forum.ziyouz.com/index.php?topic=258.msg20768#msg20768)
62-bob. Kasb qilish va haromdan hazar qilish (http://forum.ziyouz.com/index.php?topic=258.msg20787#msg20787)
63-bob. Taom berish va husni xulq fazilati (http://forum.ziyouz.com/index.php?topic=258.msg20798#msg20798)
64-bob. Allohga tavakkul (http://forum.ziyouz.com/index.php?topic=258.msg20810#msg20810)
65-bob. Xudojo‘ylik (http://forum.ziyouz.com/index.php?topic=258.msg20818#msg20818)
66-bob. Hayo (http://forum.ziyouz.com/index.php?topic=258.msg20830#msg20830)
67-bob. Amal va niyat biriligi (http://forum.ziyouz.com/index.php?topic=258.msg20839#msg20839)
68-bob. Mag‘rurlanish (http://forum.ziyouz.com/index.php?topic=258.msg20851#msg20851)
69-bob. Haj fazilati (http://forum.ziyouz.com/index.php?topic=258.msg29747#msg29747)
70-bob. Posbonlik fazilati (http://forum.ziyouz.com/index.php?topic=258.msg29787#msg29787)
71-bob. Chavandozlik va o‘q otish fazilati (http://forum.ziyouz.com/index.php?topic=258.msg29794#msg29794)
72-bob. Muhammad (s.a.v.) ummatlari fazli (http://forum.ziyouz.com/index.php?topic=258.msg29806#msg29806)
73-bob. Erining xotini ustidagi haqlari (http://forum.ziyouz.com/index.php?topic=258.msg29818#msg29818)
74-bob. Xotinning eri ustida haqlari (http://forum.ziyouz.com/index.php?topic=258.msg29824#msg29824)
75-bob. Nizolashganlar o‘rtasini isloh qilish va arazlashishdan qaytarish (http://forum.ziyouz.com/index.php?topic=258.msg29831#msg29831)
76-bob. Sultonlarga aralashish (http://forum.ziyouz.com/index.php?topic=258.msg29844#msg29844)
77-bob. Kasallik va kasalni ko‘rishlik (http://forum.ziyouz.com/index.php?topic=258.msg29865#msg29865)
78-bob. Nafl namozlari fazilati (http://forum.ziyouz.com/index.php?topic=258.msg29878#msg29878)
79-bob. Namozni mukammal o‘qish va unda xushu’ qilish (http://forum.ziyouz.com/index.php?topic=258.msg29909#msg29909)
80-bob. Duo va tasbehlar (http://forum.ziyouz.com/index.php?topic=258.msg29915#msg29915)
81-bob. Muloyimlik (http://forum.ziyouz.com/index.php?topic=258.msg29934#msg29934)
82-bob. Sunnatga amal qilish (http://forum.ziyouz.com/index.php?topic=258.msg29944#msg29944)
83-bob. Oxirat ishlariga qayg‘urish (http://forum.ziyouz.com/index.php?topic=258.msg29956#msg29956)
84-bob. Kishining qanday tong ottirishi to‘g‘risida (http://forum.ziyouz.com/index.php?topic=258.msg29964#msg29964)
85-bob. Tafakkur qilish (http://forum.ziyouz.com/index.php?topic=258.msg29972#msg29972)
86-bob. Qiyomat alomatlari (http://forum.ziyouz.com/index.php?topic=258.msg29984#msg29984)
87-bob. Abu Zarr G‘iforiy (r.a.) hadislari (http://forum.ziyouz.com/index.php?topic=258.msg30205#msg30205)
88-bob. Toatda jiddu jahd qilish (http://forum.ziyouz.com/index.php?topic=258.msg30212#msg30212)
89-bob. Shayton adovati va xiylalari (http://forum.ziyouz.com/index.php?topic=258.msg30291#msg30291)
90-bob. Rizo (http://forum.ziyouz.com/index.php?topic=258.msg30535#msg30535)
91-bob. Mav’izalar (http://forum.ziyouz.com/index.php?topic=258.msg30543#msg30543)
Hikoyatlar bobi (http://forum.ziyouz.com/index.php?topic=258.msg30547#msg30547)
So‘ngso‘z (http://forum.ziyouz.com/index.php?topic=258.msg82949#msg82949)
Muallif haqida (http://forum.ziyouz.com/index.php?topic=258.msg83653#msg83653)
HADIS ILMI VA UNING TURLARI HAQIDA QISQACHA MA’LUMOT
Payg‘ambar sollallohu alayhi vasallam hayotlik chog‘larida vahiy kelgandan boshlab to vafotlariga qadar aytgan so‘zlari, bajargan fe’llari, biron sahoba qilgan ishni tasdiqlaganlari yoki indamasalar-da, iqror qilgan narsalari hadis yoki sunnat deyiladi.
Payg‘ambar (s.a.v.) davrlarida hadisni sahobiylar eshitiboq, yozmasdan unga amal qilar edilar. Chunki hadis Qur’on oyatlariga aralashib ketmasligi uchun Payg‘ambar (s.a.v.) uni yozishni man’ qilar edilar. Ammo Qur’on mukammal shaklda nozil bo‘lib, sahifalar holiga keltirib bo‘lingach, odamlar hadisni yozishga ehtiyoj seza boshlashdi. Chunki Payg‘ambar (s.a.v.) vafotlaridan keyin tobe’inlar davrida Islom dushmanlari tomonidan Islomning ichiga har xil fitnalar va shular qatorida Payg‘ambar (s.a.v.) aytmagan yolg‘on hadislarni kirgizish hollari ko‘zga ko‘rina boshladi. Tobe’inlar davrida u qadar ko‘p hadis yozilmadi. Taba’ tobe’in va ulardan keyingi asrda yashagan olimlar hadisni chuqur o‘rganib, uni darajalarga bo‘lib, kitob shaklida yoza boshladilar. Buning barobarida hadis rivoyat qilishda asos bo‘lgan jarh va ta’dil ilmi ham kelib chiqdi.
Hijratning IV asriga kelib hadis va hadisga taalluqli bilimlar mukammal va alohida-alohida ilm tusini oldi. Endi hadislar sanadi, roviyi va matniga qarab darajalarga bo‘linadi. Hadis ilmi olimlari Rasulullohdan deb qilingan har bir hadisni darajasiga qarab «mutavotir», «sahih» va boshqalarga bo‘lib, har birining shartlarini va hukmlarini bayon qildilar.
Parvardigordan yordam so‘rab, hadisdagi matn, sanad-isnod ma’nosini hadislar darajasiga ko‘ra bildiramiz.
Matn — sanadning kalomga borib tugashi.
Sanad, isnod — roviylarni matn bilan bog‘lovchi silsila.
Hadis darajalari:
1. Sahih — sanaddagi roviylar o‘zidan oldingi roviydan bevosita olgan hadisdir. Bu o‘rinda roviyning odili bo‘lishligi, mukammal shaklda hadisni zabt qilganligi va hadisning sahihligiga ta’sir qiluvchi illat bo‘lmasligi shart qilingan. Ahli hadisning ijmosi bilan unga amal qilish vojibdir.
2. Muttafaqun alayh — Imomi Buxoriy va Imom Muslim o‘z «Sahih»larida biron hadisni zikr qilsalar va bu hadislar ma’noda va matnda bir xil bo‘lsa, muttafaqun alayh, ya’ni, bu ikki muhaddis ittifoq bo‘lishgan, deyiladi.
3. Hasan — bunda sahihda shart qilingan narsalar mavjud bo‘lishligi zarur, lekin roviyning hadis zabti (hadisni yoddan bilishi yoki yozib olishi) biroz yengilroq bo‘ladi.
4. G‘arib — hadisning rivoyatida bir roviyning yakka haq, ba’zisida roviyning bir o‘zi bo‘lmog‘i.
5. Zaif — o‘zida «hasan»ning sifatlarini jamlamagan, uning shartlaridan biror shartni yo‘qotgan hadis. Fazilatli amal zikr etilgan bo‘lsa, zaif hadisga amal qilish mustahabdir.
6. Mursal — zaif hadisning bir turi, isnodining oxirida tobe’inning o‘zi (sahobani zikr qilmay) «Rasululloh shunday qilgan edilar», deydi. Buning hukmi ixtilofli.
7. Mu’zal — zaif hadisning bir turi, isnodidan ikki yoki undan ortiq roviyning tushib qolishi. U mursal va munqoti’dan ham yomon holatdir.
8. Munqoti’ — uzilishi qanday sababdan bo‘lmasin, isnodi ulanmagan hadis. Isnodining uzilishi boshdami, o‘rtasidami yoki oxiridami — buning farqi yo‘q. Munqoti’ning hukmi ham zaif hadis kabidir.
9. Mudallas — isnodidagi biron aybni yashirib, uning zohirini chiroyli ko‘rsatishga urinilgan hadis, uning hukmi zaif hadis hukmidadir.
10. Mavzu’ — Payg‘ambarga (s.a.v.) nisbat berilgan, lekin aslida to‘qib chiqarilgan yolg‘on hadis. Ulamolarning ijmosiga ko‘ra, uni rivoyat qilish halol emas.
11. Matruk — isnodida yolg‘onchi deb gumon qilingan roviyi bor hadis. Hukmi olinmaydi.
12. Munkar — isnodida zaif roviy bo‘lib ishonchli deb bilingan roviyning hadisiga zid kelgan hadis.
13. Marfu’ — Payg‘ambarga (s.a.v.) biror so‘z, fe’l, taqrir yoki sifatni izofa qilish.
14. Mavquf — sahobaga biror so‘z, fe’l, taqrirni izofa etish. Masalan: «Ali ibn Abu Tolib shunday dedi», deyish.